Nanostructural interface and strength of polymer composite scaffolds applied to intervertebral bone

The pores of bone tissue that play an important part in regeneration can emulate the areas nanoparticles from porous scaffolds. This work evaluated a novel designed and developed nanostructure surface polyetheretherketone-reduced graphene oxide, calcium hydroxyapatite (PEEK-rGO-cHAp) composite scaffolds four different lattice structures. were fabricated through fused deposition modeling (FDM), as rGO-cHAp was coated on PEEK. scaffolds’ mechanical strength microstructure studied, using methods unit cell homogenization tensile test. method for structures analyzed to mimic spine structure. A new approach introduced homogenize characteristics periodical 3D printing based semi-rigid frame cell. They taking into consideration impact geometric approximation errors joint tightening. typical element with is integrated assess combined stiffening effects discrete process. analysis performed by considering fundamental scaffold defined periodic pattern. Also, this study created avenue examine improve interfacial bonding between PEEK biocompatibility degradability, functionalization techniques. purpose research compare manufacturing processes model intervertebral spacer, describe biomaterial, explain some parameters related its processing. In addition part, brief theory anatomy region also presented. To establish practical applications benefits engineering, focused cervical via simulation anterior method.